# An inverse approach to the center problem

Date:
22.01.18
Times:
16:00 to 17:00
Place:
UAB - Dept. Matemàtiques (C1/-128)
Speaker:
Rafael Ramírez
University:
Universitat Rovira i Virgili

#### Abstract:

We consider analytic or polynomial vector fields of the form $(-y+X) \frac{\partial }{\partial x}+(x+Y)\frac{\partial }{\partial y},$ where $X=X(x,y)$ and $Y=Y(x,y)$ start at least with terms of second order. It is well--known that such a vector field has a center at the origin if and only if it has a Liapunov-Poincaré local analytic first integral of the form $H=\frac{1}{2}(x^2+y^2)+\sum_{j=3}^{\infty} H_j,$ where   $H_j=H_j(x,y)$ is a homogenous polynomial of degree $j.$ The classical center-focus problem already studied by Poincaré consists in distinguishing when the origin is either a center or a focus. In this paper we study the inverse center problem, i.e. for a given analytic function $H$ of the previous form defined in a neighborhood of the origin, we determine the analytic or polynomial vector field for which $H$ is a first integral. Moreover, given an analytic function $V=1+\sum_{j=1}^{\infty} V_j$ in a neighborhood of the origin, where $V_j$ is a homogenous polynomial of degree $j$, we determine analytic or polynomial vector fields for which $V$ is a Reeb inverse integrating factor.
We study the particular case of centers which have a local analytic first integral of the form $H=\frac{1}{2}(x^2+y^2)\,\left(1+ \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} \Upsilon_j\right),$ in a neighborhood of the origin, where $\Upsilon_j$ is a homogenous polynomial of degree $j$ for $j\geq 1.$ These centers are called weak centers, they contain the uniform isochronous centers and the isochronous holomorphic centers, but they do not coincide with the class of isochronous centers. We have characterized the expression of an analytic or polynomial differential system having a weak center at the origin.
We extended to analytic or polynomial differential systems the weak conditions of a center given by Alwash and Lloyd for linear centers with homogeneous polynomial nonlinearities. Furthermore the centers satisfying these weak conditions are weak centers.
This is a joint work with Jaume Llibre and Valentín Ramírez.